Welcoming everyone to the session "Materiality & Liveness"

Talking about WWE and the impact of it being termed an "essential business" during COVID shutdowns

Professional wrestling bridges the gap between sports & entertainment

When both entertainment & sports were shut down, WWE was still available with both athletics and storytelling and thus the potential to appeal to fans of both sports and media.

Lucas's argument: WWE didn't have live audiences during shutdown like they usually do. They had to have a national audience to stay open for working, but only at facilities closed to the public.

WWE met both criteria when most other sports couldn't.

WWE moved toward "cinematic matches" - "like an extended version of a video game cutscene" - wrestlers in story-specific environment with editing, effects, and supernatural elements.

Playful Nostalgia: (Re)creating Video Game Spaces as Mods

Nostalgia for 3D platformer video games from the late 90s/early 00s like Super Mario 64, Sonic Adventure. Newer games are emulating (but not, y'know, ~emulating~) the older games.

Marketing and branding include a pitch toward nostalgia: "It's just like N64" "It's just like the Gamecube"

How do players take up this nostalgia themselves? For example, players create environments from old games in newer video games - e.g. creating an area from Super Mario Sunshine in A Hat in Time

We aren't limited to a single mod, so you could play in A Hat in Time, a Sonic Adventure level, with Sora from Kingdom Hearts as your player, riding a Kart from Mario Kart Double Dash.

Factors that influence textual meaning: paratexts, plays, fan-made histories, "mods as simulacra"

"Player-made mods construct nostalgia through remediation and play"

Talking about authorship in TRPGs (!!! calling @theroguesenna & @friede)

Looking at changes in D&D and other TRPGs related to race.

Summer 2021 was the #SummerofAabria when Abria Iyengar was guest DM on multiple actual play shows

AP has often been associated with the creation of a single DM but when Iyengar's work raised the question: how does authorship change when you have a guest DM? Who has authority?

Now notions of canonicity are taking root in actual play. How do TRPGs exist as both a transformative and an original work?

DMs like Iyengar can use their work to critique traditional depictions in fantasy.

The cultural afterlife of plastic toys and how they're curated and collected online now

Fans have to make consequential decisions about material objects (collectable toys) based on digital images

"attachments and affects can be complicated when realizing that what arrived in your mailbox was not exactly what you bought online"

Buyers read the materiality through images: What quality is the plastic? How much has it been damaged? Is it authentic? Is the blister packaging still attached?

During COVID, there's been a boom in the fan economy of vintage collecting.

A lot of collectors have liquidated their collections because they didn't have enough income during COVID.

The Japanese Yen to the dollar is at a 32 year low, so lots of Japanese collectors are liquidating them and selling to buyers overseas (mostly in America).

These collectors then only have immaterial access to their collections - images and memories.

There are important distinctions between player-made mods and official re-releases. There's more freedom to mix-and-match. Legality is an interesting question. Mods aren't strict emulations (in the code sense).

Court case in 2016 found you can't copyright ALL of a game. For example, you can't copyright game mechanics. Player-made mods do give players a sense of ownership.

People get introduced to older "texts" (video games) through these mods - e.g. you play an area in A Hat in Time, and decide to then go explore the game it's originally from.

Reproducing a cartridge like Limited Run games does introduces a new materiality that's different from mods. The gatekeepers are different: purchase vs. download from fansite.

Players of D&D often have a strong intertextual awareness before they even sit down at the table, usually have engaged deeply with fantasy through literature, film, video games.

There's often either a dissatisfaction with or true love of fantasy media that the player brings to the table and uses as inspiration for their character.

If the rules are dissatisfying/frustrating (e.g. I want to play as a dark elf and it's wrong of the rules to penalize me for that), this is where homebrew comes in. This leads to players & DMs bring worldview to the game.

based on personal experience, "play seems to become more valued as you have less recreational time." When work happens at home during lockdown, it can feel like all of life is work so

Additionally, the interpersonal aspect adds extra value. For example, RPing just hanging out in a pub became a fantasy it was valuable to play out.

Rules can give real-world obstacles a clear stat block and make it possible to fight these things in a really satisfying way.

Unlicensed toys also became part of the market and are often more highly valued by collectors than official, licensed ones.

Beginning Turn On, Tune In, Get Out: Rethinking Escapism and Domestic Spectatorship

articulates the need for a theory of escapism, specifically as respite

has never felt the need to get out more than the past few years but where is there to go?

Theory: escapism as a spectatorial mode, one way viewers interpolate cultural objects

"Escapism is a desire that viewers bring to media irrespective of its genre, spectacle, exhibition context, or reception culture"

Viewers bring escapism, not vice versa.

Critics call things "escapist" when they think media's artistic merit doesn't align with its popularity

Escapism is frequently deployed in reference to media that has large fan communities

Historicizing the term "escapist," which was coined in the 1930s. (Benson-Allott is including a lot of detail so look out for her book on this topic later.)

"Escapism" is used both to argue that art should uphold morals AND that art doesn't need to engage with contemporary issues.

"Escapist" is used by critics to indicate a disconnect between a piece of art and themselves.

Previous work (by only 2 scholars) looks at escapism and whose pleasure is marginalized.

Others have focused on genre but not looked at how or why viewers engage in escapism.

As a viewer's sensibility changes, the viewer needs different escape.

If different types of movies can provide escape in a shared geocultural moment, then escapism can't be located in a particular piece of media or genre.

Escape from what? Not necessarily about a change of locale. "If it were, all fantasy films would supply escape to all viewers."

"Escape may be hard to achieve, but it is not site-specific."

Lots of talk here about how what we're escaping is being ourselves, which makes me think about the Daniel Tiger song: "You can change your hair or what you wear but no matter what you do, you're still you."

"Because pleasure is a process, it represents an escap-ing, rather than an escape."

"It cannot be an end, because it ends."

We can find escapism in media that acknowledges inequity and injustice.

"Desiring escape is not the same as desiring oblivion or obliviousness..."

Seriously this work is super rich and I can't possibly capture it all in a Twitter thread.

Escape as ex-cendance: getting out so you can go back

Next session: Fandom During/After COVID

“Reaching Fans Through Deeper Interaction: The Case of Concerts Through Games and Interactive Spaces”

4 cases of concerts in games and interactive spaces: Fortnite is mostly a business approach.

Case 2: Adventure Quest 3D: Fan connection through gameplay

Porter Robinson: Secret Spy more about connecting fans through virtual spaces, chat, avatars, VR

Case 4: Concerts organized by Wave. Real-time motion capture. Trying to create interaction between artist and fans.

Key takeaways: new ways for fans to connect, artists found new ways to interact. "What is the impact of the fan persona?"

Talking about how stage musicals in China are thriving while Broadway is not - uses the closing of Phantom of the Opera on Broadway as an example.

First key to success is the introduction of the immersive theater genre. Special environments and audience participation.

Immersive theater's smaller audience size is good during pandemic

2nd key: Embracing idol fandom. Free drawing for idol performer cards. Exploiting fan labor for marketing.

Fan-made souvenirs, fan photography.

Key #3: Let's queer the theatres. All-male cast, cross-dressing, queer-baiting. These all appeal to female gaze. ([@KimberlyHirsh](https://micro.blog/KimberlyHirsh): How is Takarazuka doing? Could be a cool transnational study.)

"the pleasure obtained from face-to-face interaction is irreplaceable"

All previous Eva Liu tweets are from @EvaLiu1996

“Podficcing in the Pandemic” Key terms: Accessibility, Identity, Experience, Creating, Consuming, Socializing

Podfic is fanfiction recorded aloud and shared as audiopods online. Some people never thought of it as accessible while other people, esp with print disability, used it. ([@KimberlyHirsh](https://micro.blog/KimberlyHirsh): like fanfiction audiobooks)

Some fans used time they would otherwise have gone out to socialize to record podfic. Others experienced trauma and/or just felt pandemic didn't give them more time to create.

Listening to human voices made people feel less alone, but people who lost their commute or had more other people at home listened to less podfic.

Podfic community was an important social activity for some participants.

“‘Are We Friends or Opponents?’ Fans’ Relationship Changes from Online To Offline” with Yuhang Zheng

In idol fans pre-COVID there was a hierarchy where offline fans were considered "core fans" and online fans were more peripheral, but as idols moved activities online during COVID-19, this dynamic changed.

More affordable to attend signings, don't have to navigate physical distance

Change of fan space made it more equitable, less hierarchical. Will the old patterns resurface? How do these patterns work in fandoms surrounding fictional works/characters?

with Dina Rasolofoarison: “Where Is roundtables Fandom Acted Out in 2022? An Update on Places of Fan Practices”

inclusive definition of fandom - not just cult media, but specific nations/cultures, cooking, and more

2 dimensions of places: 1. places have functions, 2. places of substitute consumption - driven by restrictions of time, money, or place

There's lots of great conversation happening in this session but I got distracted and am a little overwhelmed, sorry.

Eva talked about my question about Takarazuka, pointing out that while Takarazuka (Japanese all-women musical theater) has a strict division between otokoyaku (performers who always play men) and musumeyaku (performers who always play women) 1/2

...Chinese and South Korean immersive theaters that feature all-male casts might have a performer play a man in one production and a woman in another.

introducing the panel "The New Bedroom Cultures"

“The Growth of Fangirls and Fanfiction During the COVID-19 Lockdown” "A bit of an accidental autoethnographic activity"

Dissertation focused on Harley Quinn and her relationship with her fangirls. Argued that Harley moved from sexualized object of the male gaze to reclaimed character, and credits fanfiction with this move.

Interested in the transition of fans from producers to consumers.

Fell down a fanfiction rabbithole on TikTok.

Sociology theory about bedroom culture highlights bedroom as a sacred space for adolescent girls, originally considered bedroom as consumer space but more recent scholarship argues that bedroom culture includes production

The transition from consumer to producer was pressurized during lockdown, which led to a boom of fan engagement.

Discusses fannish bedroom cultures during the lockdown, fanfiction as a bedroom ritual. Presentation draws on interviews conducted during Master's.

Title of talk is “A Fandom of One’s Own: Fanfiction as a Bedroom Ritual During COVID-19”

Fanfiction is defined by intimacy, both in its topics and in the spaces it exists in.

Participants could personalize emotion via tags: hurt/comfort, enemies-to-loves, fluff...

"reception on a loop" You experience the original media, seek out fan-created media, engage in fan practices regularly, which drives you to seek out the next piece of new media.

Reading fanfiction is a personal ritual, "alone time"

Socialization in digital spaces allowed fans to maintain kinship and community.

notes that @andolfi_lea mentioned parasocial relationships which probably all of them have something to say about

Dr. Welsh-Burke's talk is “‘I Am on My KNEES’: TikTok as a New Site of Adolescent Sexual Desire”

looking at experience of female fans as producers and fans

Noticed enthusiastic display of sexual desire in caption of fan vid on TikTok, liked it and started to get more recs for things where people have "extreme affective responses"

This content on TikTok was a positive reclamation of the stereotype of fangirls as only interested in certain topics (e.g. sexy topics)

TikTok is an especially bedroom-y media space in terms of both creation and consumption.

presenting “Bedroom Cultures but Make It Enby Cottage Core: Reading Shakespeare as a Disabled Trans Fan”

warning: going to discuss bigotry, esp. transphobia, and safety

Discussing reading Shakespeare's "As You Like It" as a trans text. Rosalind & Celia live a queer-utopian cottagecore life in the Forest of Arden.

IRL when marginalized people meet each other it's not always self. There's bigotry related to different combos of marginalization.

In The Forest of Arden, it feels as if everyone is safe.

"If all those queer people running around in the forest are the monsters, then we have nothing to fear. Everyone is safe."

In the Forest of Arden, "everyone is always possibly polyamorous." It's bittersweet to contrast this with spaces in real life.

This contrast is more pronounced when the person doing the looking/reading is trans & disabled.

Anecdote about harassment at a coffee shop that ended with Dean feeling the owners of the shop would blame Dean for being a magnet for harassment if a similar incident happened again.

The "depressing, gray" bedroom experience is attractive because there aren't a lot of people that can harass you there.

There's an interesting relationship between trans' people's experience of being expected not to even exist outside and these fantasies of the cottagecore forest (and other safe spaces) inside.

In some fandoms, e.g. superhero and Star Wars, other people in fandoms perceive the source material as "serious" and were worried fangirls would "drag it down" because fangirls are interested in "silly things"

The discussion is getting really good but I'm struggling to keep up with tweets, sorry!

Saw Twitter thread about how there used to be no women in nerdy spaces and, of course, there were and many people argued against OP but sadly lots of people were also agreeing.

There's a similar phenomenon where people claim there weren't trans people in fan spaces in the past, which is patently untrue.

"It's interesting to think about the multiplicities of bedroom cultures that are getting made" - referring to a statement @DeanLeetal made about how different people need different forms of escape.

We need art of everyone in their own bedrooms engaging with their own bedroom cultures.

Creator of that original video on TikTok shut down their account. This leads to loss of a lot of born-digital stuff that it would be good to capture for methodology. (Come to our #FanLIS session and talk to us about born-digital preservation!)

As fans we have to do that work of archiving. ([@KimberlyHirsh](https://micro.blog/KimberlyHirsh): shout-out to @De_Kosnik's book Rogue Archives)

It's also an ethical question - if we've preserved something, do we keep studying it even after the creator has taken it down?

When fanfiction is brought up to creators/actors, it's often in a degrading way.

There's also an issue of consent with actors, who might not want to hear about what their characters get up to in fanfiction.

In chat, Erin Lee Mock points out "For many people, COVID lockdown was not an experience of isolation, but of greater carework obligations, etc. Is there space within discussion of "bedroom cultures" for these individuals, especially as relates to fan production?"

Talking about how even as teens, girls often have more caregiving responsibilities so in that sense bedroom cultures still works.

Points out that home is not always a safe space, especially for multiply marginalized people.

Luisa de Mesquita asks "I was wondering if there are any significant differences in engagement with fandom and fannish practices between those who were already 'established' fans and those who became fans during the pandemic?"

speculating that it will vary - some people will have come to fandom during the pandemic and stay in it for life, but others as they are less isolated will engage with fandom less

Kirsten Crowe asks "I wonder about the experience of college aged people returning to their childhood bedrooms and how that shaped fannish experiences in terms of bedroom culture during the pandemic"

Yes, thanks to pandemic I finished my MSc in my childhood bedroom, will finish my PhD in childhood bedroom, doing this from childhood bedroom 😄

That last tweet should've been from @SandbachElise.

It's really interesting to return to your childhood bedroom and engage with fandom on a new platform when you engaged with fandom there years ago.

It's interesting to note that we're in our bedrooms studying other people in their bedrooms.

has been joined by a cat. This is the most important thing to know about the FanLIS Symposium.

Every technology/platform seems to impose a taxonomy because you have to for organization.

sharing about visual/material design of fan-bound texts. I'm ([@KimberlyHirsh](https://micro.blog/KimberlyHirsh)) obsessed with the desire to make them look like books from a particular era (pulp, 80s or 90s mass market) and even distress them so they look used.

Fanbinders learn so many different skills related to design and craft.

Introducing topic. How do scholars in fan & media studies articulate their discipline? How do these disciplines interact? When don't they?

Shares current book project: discussing labor & affordances on Steam. Last Nov Steam launched Steam Playtest, a way for indie developers to test games early. How does this impact the labor market for games?

Steam Playtest has been called "Beta testing for beta testing." Steam also has Early Access, which lets indie developers charge for in-development games.

All of this involves relying on Steam users to perform labor, to do QA work for free or pay for the opportunity to participate in the development process.

These features displace pro playtesters & QA reps.

This reliance on fan affective labor isn't unique to games, but Steam playtest/Early Access provides a rich area for case study.

How do we define the type of interaction at play in licensed tabletop (esp card) games? Are the people best understood as fans or players?

Describing experience of going to tournament for the Game of Thrones Living Card Game.

Now talking about writing tournament report to post to Fantasy Flight (game publisher) forums.

Licensed games matter and in many ways. Bestor describes needing another outlet for GoT fandom beyond books & shows.

Story worlds vs/as game worlds.

Do Bestor's experiences make him a fan? A player?

Who/what counts as a gamer? A game?

How does a fan identity get drawn out differently in fan-created product places like Etsy for example, Stardew Valley blanket yes, but it's hard to find fiber crafts for FPSs like Call of Duty.

When we consider game fandom, we should "remember the cozy fandoms and that digital leisure is not one-size-fits-all."

Discussing "Netflix Anime Festival" & how Netflix often creates "anime" that doesn't even have an anime studio/creative team.

Netflix is redefining what "anime fan" means by describing anyone who has watched any "anime" on Netflix as a fan, when Vidolova sees this as a tension between defining fan & user.

Gamers come into play considering "Netflix Geeked," a subbrand that includes sci fi, fantasy, superheroes, & more (with video games & anime as part of that "more")

Generalizing what anime means - animated adaptation of video game property = "anime"

Netflix branding defines fan according to engaging with these at all rather than a coherent community.

Netflix & Crunchyroll have both created animated Youtubers do promote anime & video games.

e-girls on TikTok create a mise-en-scene of playing video games; identity of player or fan is secondary to creating aesthetic image.

Fan studies "is attuned to affective attachment to particular story worlds and relationships" while the TikTok egirls are more about putting together pieces and fragments.

Game studies looks at these kinds of "fan fragments" and how they come together in a different way than fan studies does. e.g. how do people choose an avatar?

Discussing crunch time in the game industry and the relationship players have with it. Industry pros sometimes try to rally fans around crunch practices.

Method - analyzing player reactions to articles about crunch practices; study is ongoing, but so far more fans seem to support crunch practices.

Gamer identity is forefronted both among supporters & critics.

Consumer identity and fan identity are also present. Value judgments justified by identity all around: if you're a fan, wouldn't you object to crunch time bc you care about the people making the game?

Gamer/consumer/fan identites have been examined more in fan studies than in game studies.

First, the state of fan studies in Brazil: research focused on digital settings but still working on integrating digital methods with other methods. Transcultural fan studies scholarship does focus on music fandom.

8 themes identified in lit review of Brazilian fan studies research - 1) The fan condition and identities; 2) Fandom consumption practices; 3) Digital Media fan practices and dynamics; 4) Fandom as community;

5) Fan activism; 6) Politics and Fandom; 7) Nostalgia and fans; 8) Fan production and works

Currently building Brazilian fan studies digital archive at https://www.estudosdefas.com.br/ and next step is interviewing authors.

Dr. Lies Lanckman is looking at Yiddish-language Hollywood fan magazines, esp. from the 30s & analyzing fan letters in the magazines.

"Affordances & Paradigms in Platformed Fandom"

Fandom has moved from self-contained/self-managed spaces to platforms controlled by others/corporations.

Examples of commercial + cultural tension in fandom use of platforms: Tumblr’s porn ban • YA NFT scandal • TikTok Omegaverse LARP • Hannibal Twitter Wars • Censorship of AO3 in China

Considerations: Algorithmic fandom, boundary-enforcing norms, encounters with the fourth wall, platform-native emergent fan practices, AO3 as anti-platform

Important to keep in mind that while platform affordances shape fan behavior, "fans find a way"

Future RQs: Where can resistance & creativity be found in platformed fan practices? How does digital literacy/understanding of the nature of a given platform affect norms and values of the fan communities that use it?

How does the “first fandom experiences” of teenagers materially differ when it occurs via algorithm, and how does it continue to affect their journey through fandom?

"From tool to lens - A case study of applying digital methods in fan studies"

Research project - "Marveling at Darcy Lewis"

Scraped information & texts from AO3 and ended up with about 2,419 fics

Using a tool called tag refinery alongside the process of topic model analysis for text selection

Are we using digital methods as tools or as lenses for engaging with theoretical frameworks: queer studies, feminist studies, intersectional feminism?

"Mushroom for improvement: Theorizing a new model for the circulation of fan objects"

Mycelium model focuses on movement of fan objects, agency of fans, flexible & agile model that is based off the radiating organism of fungi with genre as scaffolding

Multimodal methodology: autoethnography, desk research using thursdaysfallenangel's survey on fanfiction consumption & sharing habits, case studies

Mad at Your Dad/Craiglist Thanksgiving trope. Based off Craigslist ad where poster offered self as deliberately bad Thanksgiving date

Used manual data collection to look at post with 562K+ notes at time of writing, and then GEPHI as network visualization tool

Alex is sharing super cool visualization with posts indicated by dots, reblogs by lines, and fandom by color of dot & line

Multifandom blogs provided most notes, then small clusters of particular fandom blogs

asks @alexanthoudakis about using a mushroom model which reflects a broader trend in cultural studies of using biological metaphors. What are the implications for theoretical considerations?

Considered metaphors for things that happened organically, references other scholars who use virality as a metaphor. Important not to forget the PEOPLE in the process.

Originally started with the idea of tentacles, but they only radiate out from one point, don't capture horizontal circulation of fan objects. Same text that suggested tentacles also discussed mushrooms, so began researching mushrooms

Found philosophy paper that used mycelium as metaphor, cemented the idea that Alex was looking for.